General queries
on Ship Recycling
Q: What is ship recycling?
– Ship recycling, also known as ship breaking or ship disposal, is the process of dismantling and disposing of end-of-life ships in a safe and environmentally responsible manner.
Q: Why is ship recycling necessary?
– Ship recycling is the best sustainable solution for old, obsolete or damaged vessels while minimizing environmental impact and ensuring the reuse of valuable materials.
Q: Where does ship recycling typically occur?
– The main ship recycling yards are situated in Bangladesh (Chattogram), India (Alang), Pakistan (Gadani) and Turkey. Almost 90% of the total ship recycling activities are conducted in these yards.
– Few of the ship recycling yards are in EU countries such as Italy, Netherlands, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Greece, UK- but the capacity of these yards are very less.
– There is only one EU Listed ship recycling yard is in USA.
Q: What are the environmental concerns associated with ship recycling?
– Environmental concerns include pollution from hazardous materials (e.g., asbestos, heavy metals), coastal and marine pollution and habitat disruption.
Q: How can ship recycling be done in an environmentally friendly way?
– Environmentally friendly ship recycling involves proper handling of hazardous materials, recycling of materials and compliance with international regulations like the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships.
Q: What safety measures are in place for ship breaking workers?
– Safety measures include training, personal protective equipment (PPE) and proper working conditions to protect shipbreaking workers from accidents and health hazards.
Q: What is the Basel Convention and its relation to ship recycling?
– The Basel Convention is an international treaty that regulates the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes, including ships for recycling, to prevent environmental harm.
Q: What is the economic impact of ship recycling?
– Ship recycling can generate income and employment in the local communities surrounding shipbreaking yards.
– Ship owner can get the possible best money return from recycling of their ships.
Q: How are hazardous materials like asbestos and PCBs managed during ship recycling?
– Hazardous materials are typically removed and disposed of properly to prevent environmental contamination and worker exposure.
Q: What is the role of international organizations in regulating ship recycling?
– Organizations like the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Labor Organization (ILO) provide guidelines and regulations for safe and environmentally sound ship recycling.
Q: Are there any financial incentives for environmentally responsible ship recycling practices?
– Some countries offer incentives, such as subsidies or tax breaks, for ship-owners who choose environmentally responsible recycling facilities.
Q: What is the Ship Recycling Facility Plan (SRFP)?
– The Ship Recycling Facility Plan (SRFP) is a comprehensive document that outlines the plan for the safe and environmentally sound recycling ship in a recycling facility. It is a critical component of the ship recycling process, particularly in the context of international regulations and guidelines aimed at improving ship recycling practices.
Q: What is the Ship Recycling Plan (SRP)?
– The SRP outlines the procedures and precautions to be taken during a specific ship recycling and is a crucial document for ensuring safe and environmentally responsible shipbreaking.
Q: What is the role of ship classification societies in ship recycling?
– Classification societies may provide guidance and certification related to the ship recycling activities.
Q: How can ship-owners ensure responsible ship recycling practices for their vessels?
– Ship-owners can choose recycling facilities that comply with international regulations and environmental standards and perform due diligence in selecting a yard.
Q: What are some recent developments in ship recycling regulations and practices?
– Regulations and practices in ship recycling are continually evolving, so it’s important to stay updated on the latest developments in the industry.
FAQ related to
the Ship Recycling process
Q: What are the ship recycling methods practiced around the world?
– Dry Docking, Along Side, Landing & Beaching
Q: What is Dry Docking method?
– In dry docking method, the ship is docked inside a dry dock and recycling the vessel within the fully contained area, so no chance for any kind of leakage and contamination with sea bed and sea water- it’s the most environmentally sound way of ship recycling. This method is mostly practiced in Europe.
Q: What is Along Side or Pier method?
– In Alongside or Pier method- the ship is berthed inside a sheltered pier with moveable shore crane facility. This method is comparatively better option and it is mostly used in China.
Q: What is Landing method?
– In Landing method, the aft side of the vessel always remains floating, the fore side the pulled towards the shore with impermeable floor and drainage system.
Q: What is Beaching method?
– In this method the ship is grounded in the beach during high tide and pull the ship towards as much as possible by using the shore winches- the ship never afloat again as the water depth is very low.
Q: What is intertidal zone?
– Intertidal zone means the area where the water comes in the high tide and goes in the low tide.
Q: Which method is used in Bangladesh?
– Beaching
Q: What is primary cutting?
– The cutting activities that conduct on the ship is called the primary cutting
Q: What is secondary cutting?
– The cutting activities going on the blocks that are cut from the ship is called the secondary cutting
Q: What is OWS?
– Oily water separator (OWS) is an equipment that is used to separate the oil from the water within a set PPM.
Q: What is NPU?
– Negative pressure unit (NPU) is a combined of facilities and equipment that is used to handle the asbestos containing material (ACM)
Q: What is the process for dismantling a ship?
– Dismantling involves cutting the ship into smaller sections using torches, grinders, and heavy machinery. It’s a labor-intensive process that requires skilled workers.
Q: What are gases used for cutting activities?
– LPG/ CNG as fuel and Oxygen
Q: What equipment is needed for gas cutting?
– Gas cutting requires a cutting torch, hoses, regulators and cylinders for fuel gas and oxygen. Safety gear like goggles and flame-resistant clothing is also essential.
Q: What are the safety precautions for gas cutting?
– Safety precautions include proper ventilation, fire safety measures, personal protective equipment and ensuring the gas equipment is in good working condition.
Q: What is PPE?
– PPE stands for Personal Protective Equipment. It includes items like clothing, helmets, gloves, goggles, and other equipment designed to protect the wearer from various workplace hazards.
Q: Why is PPE important?
– PPE is important because it helps protect individuals from injuries, illnesses and other health and safety risks in the workplace.
Q: What types of hazards does PPE protect against?
– PPE can protect against a range of hazards, including physical, chemical, biological, radiological and ergonomic hazards. It depends on the specific equipment and the workplace context.
Q: What are some common types of PPE?
– Common types of PPE include hard hats, safety glasses, gloves, earplugs, respirators, high-visibility vests, steel-toed boots, and full-body suits.
FAQ related to
the legal laws of Bangladesh
Q: What are the primary legal frameworks governing the ship recycling industry in Bangladesh?
– The ship breaking and recycling rules 2011
– Bangladesh Ship Recycling Act, 2018
Q: What are the others associated laws or rules that are concerned with ship recycling industry in Bangladesh?
– Environmental Conservation Rules, 2023
– Bangladesh Labor Law, 2006
– Bangladesh Labor Rules, 2015
– Explosives Rules, 2004
– The Bangladesh Petroleum Rules, 2018
– Fire Prevention and Extinguishing Rules 2014
– Ozone Depletion Substance Rules, 2014
– Solid Waste Management Rules, 2021
– E Waste Management Rules, 2021
– The Pressure Vessel Rules, 1995
Q: Who is responsible for enforcing ship recycling laws in Bangladesh?
– The Ministry of Industries (MOI) in Bangladesh is responsible for enforcing and overseeing ship recycling regulations.
Q: What is the scope of the Bangladesh Ship Recycling Act, 2018?
– The act outlines regulations related to the environmentally sound recycling of ships, safety measures for workers and the proper management of hazardous materials.
Q: Are there specific requirements for obtaining a license to operate a ship recycling yard in Bangladesh?
– Yes, ship recycling yards must obtain a license from the government and they must meet certain criteria related to safety, environmental compliance and worker welfare.
– Each yard must be a member of BSBRA
Q: What environmental standards and safeguards are outlined in Bangladesh's ship recycling laws?
– The laws require ship recyclers to follow environmentally sound recycling practices, manage hazardous materials properly and prevent pollution of coastal and marine areas.
Q: What safety regulations are in place to protect workers in ship recycling yards in Bangladesh?
– Ship recycling laws in Bangladesh include provisions for worker safety, including the use of personal protective equipment, proper training, and medical facilities on-site.
Q: Is there a legal requirement for ship-owners to provide information about hazardous materials on their vessels before sending them for recycling in Bangladesh?
– Yes, ship-owners are required to provide an Inventory of Hazardous Materials (IHM) before recycling, which details the hazardous materials present on the ship.
Q: What penalties are imposed for non-compliance with ship recycling laws in Bangladesh?
– Penalties for non-compliance can include fines, imprisonment or the revocation of a ship recycling yard’s license.
Q: Does Bangladesh participate in international agreements related to ship recycling, such as the Hong Kong International Convention?
– Bangladesh has ratified HKC 2009 on 26 June 2023.
Q: Are there incentives or support mechanisms in place for ship recyclers in Bangladesh who adopt environmentally friendly practices?
– Some incentives and support mechanisms may be available at the discretion of the government or local authorities to promote environmentally friendly ship recycling practices.
Q: What documentation and permits are required for the import of ships for recycling in Bangladesh?
– NOC along with MOA between owner of ship and recycling yard are required prior importing vessel.
Q: What role do local government authorities play in regulating ship recycling in Bangladesh?
– Yard lease agreement is provided by the local government
Q: Is there an appeals process for ship recyclers to contest decisions made by regulatory authorities in Bangladesh?
– The legal framework may provide for an appeals process, allowing ship recyclers to contest decisions or penalties imposed by regulatory authorities.
FAQ related to hazardous materials (Hazmat)
Q: What are hazardous materials (Hazmat) in the context of ship recycling?
– Hazardous materials in ship recycling refer to substances or materials that pose a risk to human health or the environment due to their toxic, flammable, corrosive, or otherwise harmful properties.
Q: What are some common hazardous materials found in ships?
– Common hazardous materials include asbestos, lead-based paints, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), heavy metals (e.g., mercury, cadmium) and various chemicals used in ship construction and maintenance.
Q: Why are hazardous materials a concern in ship recycling?
– Hazardous materials can be released into the environment during shipbreaking, posing health risks to workers and causing environmental pollution.
Q: How are hazardous materials identified and managed during ship recycling?
– IHM is conducted for ships prior recycling to identify and quantify the Hazmat on the vessel.
– Hazardous materials are identified through surveys and assessments before recycling begins. They are then safely removed, transported and disposed of or recycled following strict regulations.
Q: What are the health risks for workers exposed to hazardous materials during ship recycling?
– Workers may face health risks, such as respiratory problems, skin conditions and long-term illnesses, if exposed to hazardous materials without proper protective measures.
Q: What safety precautions are taken to protect shipbreaking workers from hazardous materials?
– Safety precautions include providing personal protective equipment (PPE), proper training and medical surveillance for workers handling hazardous materials.
Q: What international regulations govern the handling of hazardous materials during ship recycling?
– HKC 2009 For the for Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships
– MEPC.210(63) Guidelines for Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships
– MEPC.269(68) Guidelines for the development of the inventory of hazardous material
Q: Are there specific guidelines for the safe removal and disposal of hazardous materials from ships?
– Yes, there are specific guidelines and procedures outlined in the Ship Recycling Plan (SRP) and other international documents that detail the safe removal and disposal of hazardous materials.
Q: What is the role of classification societies in ensuring the safe management of hazardous materials during ship recycling?
– Classification societies may provide expertise and guidance on the safe handling of hazardous materials, ensuring compliance with international standards.
Q: How can ship recycling facilities ensure the safe and responsible management of hazardous materials?
– Ship recycling facilities should follow best practices, employ trained personnel and have appropriate infrastructure for the safe management of hazardous materials.
Q: Are there penalties for non-compliance with regulations regarding hazardous materials in ship recycling?
– Yes, non-compliance with international regulations can lead to legal penalties and fines, as well as damage to a facility’s reputation.
Q: What are some environmentally friendly methods for handling hazardous materials during ship recycling?
– Use of proper PPEs, NPU, OWS, Incinerator, adequate housekeeping and finally proper use of TSDF.
Q: How can ship-owners ensure that hazardous materials on their vessels are managed responsibly during recycling?
– Ship-owners can choose reputable recycling facilities that adhere to international regulations and guidelines for the safe handling of hazardous materials.
Q: Are there initiatives or programs aimed at improving hazardous material management in the ship recycling industry?
– Bangladesh Govt. is in a process to establish a TSDF to improve hazardous material management in the ship recycling industry, promoting sustainable and safe practices.
Q: What is the role of government authorities in overseeing the handling of hazardous materials in ship recycling yards?
– Government authorities are responsible for enforcing regulations, conducting inspections, and ensuring that ship recycling yards comply with safety and environmental standards.
FAQ related to
the Hong Kong International
Convention
Q: What is the Hong Kong International Convention (HKC) 2009?
– The HKC 2009 is an international treaty adopted to regulate the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships. It aims to set global standards for ship recycling practices.
Q: When was the HKC 2009 adopted, and which organization oversees its implementation?
– The HKC 2009 was adopted on May 15, 2009 by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for maritime matters.
Q: What is the main objective of the HKC 2009?
– The primary objective of the HKC 2009 is to ensure the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships, minimizing the environmental and health risks associated with shipbreaking.
Q: When this convention will be entry in to force?
– 26 June 2025
Q: What are the key provisions of the HKC 2009 regarding ship recycling?
– Key provisions include requirements for ship recycling facilities to meet safety and environmental standards, the proper management of hazardous materials and the establishment of a Ship Recycling Plan (SRP) for each vessel.
Q: How does the HKC 2009 address worker safety and labor conditions in ship recycling yards?
– The HKC 2009 includes provisions related to worker safety, such as training requirements, access to medical facilities, and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Q: What are the requirements for ship-owners under the HKC 2009?
– Ship-owners are required to ensure that their vessels are recycled at facilities that comply with the HKC 2009’s environmental and safety standards.
Q: Are there penalties for non-compliance with the HKC 2009?
– The HKC 2009 does not prescribe specific penalties. Enforcement and penalties for non-compliance may be determined by individual countries that have ratified the convention.
Q: What is the role of classification societies in the implementation of the HKC 2009?
– Classification societies as RO may provide guidance and certification to the ship recycling facilities.
FAQ related to the HKC 2009
in the context of Bangladesh
Q: Has Bangladesh ratified the HKC 2009?
– Yes, Bangladesh has ratified the convention on 26 June 2023.
Q: What is the significance of HKC 2009 for Bangladesh's ship recycling industry?
– The HKC 2009 sets international standards for safe and environmentally sound ship recycling practices. Ratifying and implementing the convention can improve the reputation of Bangladesh’s ship recycling industry and promote responsible practices.
Q: How many yards in Bangladesh have got the SOC under HKC 2009 so far?
– So far 04 yards got the SOC under HKC- PHP, Kabir Steel Limited, SN Corporation (Unit-02) & KR Ship Recycling Yard.
Q: What are the key challenges or obstacles for Bangladesh in ratifying and implementing the HKC 2009?
– Challenges may include the need for legislative amendments, infrastructure improvements, competent manpower and financial resources to meet the convention’s requirements.
Q: Is Bangladesh taking steps to align its ship recycling practices with the HKC 2009?
– Bangladesh has taken lot of initiatives to improve its ship recycling practices such as formation of separate board, establishment of TSDF, enhance monitoring of daily activities of yard, updating existing rules and regulations etc.
Q: What are the implications for ship-owners who wish to send vessels for recycling in Bangladesh concerning the HKC 2009?
– · Ship-owners should be aware that, even without ratification, some international clients may prefer ship recycling facilities that voluntarily adhere to the HKC 2009’s standards.
Q: How can ship recyclers in Bangladesh stay informed about developments related to the HKC 2009 and any potential changes in the country's stance towards ratification?
– · Ship recyclers can monitor updates from the IMO, government authorities and industry associations to stay informed about developments related to the HKC 2009 and related regulations in Bangladesh.
Q: Are there any national regulations in Bangladesh that align with or complement the HKC 2009's objectives?
– · The ship breaking and recycling rules 2011 & Bangladesh Ship Recycling Act, 2018 are fully aligned with HKC 2009.
Q: What role do local and international stakeholders play in encouraging responsible ship recycling practices in Bangladesh?
– · Local and international stakeholders may collaborate to promote responsible ship recycling practices, share best practices, and provide support and expertise.